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New law, AB5, makes it harder to be hired as an independent contractor. Here's what to do!

By Henry Telfeian, PICA General Counsel

 

Under California’s new law, AB5, it’s going to be much harder to qualify as an independent contractor and get paid on a 1099 tax basis. Instead, the default will be for companies pay you on a W-2 basis like a temporary employee.

This is a big deal for self-employed professionals because how you are paid affects how much tax you pay. Generally speaking, you pay significantly less tax if you’re paid on 1099 tax basis, deducting your business expenses, and contributing to your own retirement plan. That’s why PICA’s motto is “Friends don’t let friends W-2.”TM

While the new AB5 law only governs work done in California, you can anticipate that other States will adopt similar laws (if they haven’t already), and that large corporations will adopt the new standards, even if they are headquartered outside California. This is because it’s safer for a national company to follow the strictest laws so they know they’re in the clear. (The fines and penalties related to misclassification can be massive.) So, even if you’re an independent consultant living outside of California, this law may affect you too.

Simplified Summary of AB5

Basically, AB5 means that if you are hired by a company, they are going to presume that you’re an employee, which means you get paid on a W-2 tax basis. That is the new default status. This means that in order to pay you on a 1099 tax basis, the hiring entity must prove why you are not an employee. It’s not enough for you to prove you’re an independent contractor; the hiring company must prove why you shouldn’t be paid like an employee. It’s a subtle difference but it makes all the difference. It’s always easier to go with the default answer, and now the default is that you’re an employee no matter where, when, or how you do the work.

Because the hired worker is now presumed to be an employee, the hiring company has the burden of proving that the worker is an independent contractor by showing that a three-part test is met, the “ABC Test”. The hiring entity must show that you:

  1. are free from control and direction of the hiring entity
  2. perform work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity’s business
  3. are customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, or business.

The bottom line is, at a minimum, you need to be an actual business if you want a chance of preserving your 1099 tax benefits.

What To Do

Here are some of the things you can do to demonstrate that you are an independent business.

  1. Form a Limited Liability Company or incorporate. (While operating as a sole proprietorship is certainly legal, it may not be enough evidence under the ABC Test.)
  2. Get all appropriate business licenses.
  3. Have business cards.
  4. Have a dedicated business telephone line.
  5. Have your own web domain and business email account.
  6. Have a website where your services are offered to the general public.
  7. Have a written contract with your client (ensuring, among other things, that the consultant retains control over the manner and method of performing any work).
  8. Advertise. (For example, use Google AdWords and take screen shots as evidence.)
  9. Establish business social media pages, for example, a company page on LinkedIn.
  10. Submit invoices to the client for all amounts due, not time sheets.
  11. Have more than one client, preferably at the same time.
  12. Don't work exclusively for one company or for a long period of time.
  13. Have a business location and/or a business address, even if it's a P.O. box.
  14. Be a member of a professional association related to your business.

[Note: Nearly all of these factors are discussed in greater detail on the PICA website, especially in the Being a Business section.]

In summary, AB5 has made a bad situation worse. The new default for companies hiring outside workers will be to pay them on a W-2 tax basis like a temporary employee. Take steps now to improve your chances of remaining independent. The longer you can show that you have been engaged in an independent business, the more likely that the ABC test will be satisfied. There's a saying, "If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it's a duck." The same is true now for self-employed professionals. You need to look like a business, be set up like a business, and act like a business in order to be paid like a business.

~ ~ ~

CAVEAT: This "Legal Alert" provides information about a specific state law. It is not intended to be, and should not be construed, as legal advice for any particular situation. Your situation depends on your particular facts. Reading a summary of a specific law or court decision is no substitute for consulting with, and obtaining the advice of, a qualified employment attorney in the State or States in which you work and reside. Only an attorney can provide you with legal advice for your particular situation.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Henry Telfeian is a labor relations and employment attorney as well as the general counsel for the Professional Independent Consultants of America, Inc. (PICA) A cum laude graduate of Harvard Law School, he is an active member of the State Bar of California and of various federal courts including the U.S. Supreme Court.

#AB5 #IndependentContracting #IndependentConsulting

 

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